It was revealed that four out of five heroin users in the US started out by misusing OTC medication. There is a close statistical relation between the use of heroin and over-the-counter (OTC) medication. This Society declared that in 2015 there were 20.5 million Americans aged 12 years and above who had substance use disorder, and among them Two million were related to continuous use of prescribed pain relievers and 591,000 to illicit heroin use with 23% of first-time heroin users developing opioid addiction. oxycodone, codeine, hydrocodone, fentanyl and morphine). The American Society of Addiction Medicine classifies opioids as both illicit drugs such as heroin and licit drugs such as prescribed pain relievers (e.g. The United States, with only 5% of the world population, consumes over 80% of the opioids produced globally. Naturally, the increased rate of prescriptions resulted in the increased misuse of opioids, and hence addiction. In the 1990s pharmaceutical companies gave assurances that people would not become addicted to opioids, which led to a significant outburst in these drugs being prescribed to patients. Unfortunately, it seems that the president overlooks the contribution that pharmaceuticals are making in the development of this national epidemic. The opioid crisis was declared to be a national emergency in the United States by President Trump. The article is not intended to provide a complete list of all potential boosters, however, we believe that it is an educational material to enhance our understanding and combat the abuse of opioids. snorting, or crushing tablets, evaporating liquid opioids via vapes, mixing liquid opioids with sodium bicarbonate, consuming grapefruit juice, etc), this article is intended to discuss most medications that are utilized as opioid boosters or potentiates. While there are many approaches by which opioid effects can be intensified illicitly (e.g. Today, the use of potentiates is aggravating the issue of opioid abuse. The use of potentiates goes back to as early as the 1600s where it is reported that morphine was sometimes combined with cocaine and alcohol to intensify its opioid effects. More that 10% of patients prescribed opioids go on to misuse their prescription, and opioids account for three-quarters of all fatal prescription drug overdoses. Opioid boosters are drugs, herbs, or substances that are utilized to intensify the effects of the opioid. Opiates are generally indicated for the treatment of various pain syndromes however, if alternate treatments have been exhausted and a physician elects to prescribe opioids, then both the physician and patient should be aware of the risks associated with use.
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